High Blood Pressure in Dogs: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Learn what high blood pressure in dogs is, its main causes, the warning signs to watch for, and how canine hypertension is diagnosed by a vet.
In-depth coverage in the guide: 4 Methods for Measuring Blood Pressure in Veterinary Patients
Introduction
The health of our four-legged companions is a top priority for many owners, and understanding the conditions that can affect them is essential. One often overlooked problem is high blood pressure in dogs, which can have a significant impact on an animal's quality of life.
In this article, we explore what high blood pressure in dogs is, its causes, the symptoms, and how it is diagnosed.
What is high blood pressure in dogs?
Hypertension is an abnormal rise in blood pressure. Blood pressure measures the force with which blood flows through the arteries.
Normal values range between 110 and 160 mmHg. Readings above 160 mmHg are considered elevated and indicate hypertension.
Measurement is performed with specialized devices, such as oscillometric or Doppler monitors.
What causes high blood pressure in dogs?
Hypertension can be classified into two types. Primary hypertension is rare and has no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension, which is more common, develops as a result of other underlying conditions.
Among the main causes are kidney diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, which is a frequent trigger.
Endocrine disorders are also associated with it, including hypothyroidism and Cushing's syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism).
Heart diseases, such as congestive heart failure, and vascular diseases, such as pulmonary artery stenosis, can also lead to hypertension.
Obesity is another risk factor, since excess weight can increase the likelihood of high blood pressure.
What are the symptoms of high blood pressure in dogs?
Altered behavior: dogs with hypertension may show changes in behavior, such as irritability or lethargy.
Nosebleeds: unexplained nasal hemorrhages.
Vision problems: retinal hemorrhages that can lead to blindness.
Seizures: in severe cases, high blood pressure can cause seizures.
Difficulty breathing: persistent coughing and trouble breathing.
Appetite changes: changes in appetite or vomiting.
How is high blood pressure in dogs diagnosed?
Blood pressure measurement: the reading is taken using specialized equipment. Oscillometric and Doppler devices are commonly used.
High-definition oscillometric devices are the most accurate, especially for small dogs. The Doppler method, while a more affordable option, offers lower accuracy. It is best to take the reading with the dog at rest.
Additional tests: blood and urine tests help identify underlying conditions, such as kidney and endocrine diseases. An echocardiogram is useful for assessing cardiac function, and radiographs and ultrasound allow the internal organs to be visualized.
Clinical evaluation: the veterinarian will perform a thorough clinical assessment, including the medical history and a detailed physical exam.
Conclusion
High blood pressure in dogs is a serious condition that can have a significant impact on the animal's overall health. Recognizing the symptoms and obtaining an accurate diagnosis are crucial steps to treating and managing hypertension in dogs.
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, it is possible to control hypertension and improve your furry friend's quality of life.
Sources
- ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. (2018) PMID 30353952
- Systemic arterial blood pressure and urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. (1996) PMID 8921029
- Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. (2012) PMID 22720808
- Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005-2007). (2011) PMID 21453181
- Comparison of high definition oscillometric and Doppler ultrasound devices with invasive blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. (2013) PMID 22998239